¹耶和华 的话 又临到我说 ：

¹The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,

¹ CHAPTER XXVII

This chapter may be considered as the second part of the

prophecy concerning Tyre. The prophet pursues his subject in

the manner of those ancient lamentations or funeral songs, in

which the praeficiae or mourning women first recounted whatever

was great or praiseworthy in the deceased, and then mourned his

fall. Here the riches, glory, and extensive commerce of Tyre

are enlarged upon, 1-25.

Her downfall is then described in a beautiful allegory,

executed in a few words, with astonishing brevity, propriety,

and perspicuity, 26;

upon which all the maritime and commercial world are

represented as grieved and astonished at her fate, and greatly

alarmed for their own, 27-36.

Besides the view which this chapter gives of the conduct of

Providence, and the example with which it furnishes the critic

and men of taste of a very elegant and highly finished piece of

composition, it likewise affords the antiquary a very curious

and interesting account of the wealth and commerce of ancient

times. And to the mind that looks for "a city that hath

foundations," what a picture does the whole present of the

mutability and inanity of all earthly things! Many of the

places mentioned in ancient history have, like Tyre, long ago

lost their political consequence; the geographical situation of

others cannot be traced; they have sunk in the deep waters of

oblivion; the east wind hath carried them away.

NOTES ON CHAP. XXVII

²人 子 啊，要为推罗 作起 哀歌 ，

²Now, thou son of man, take up a lamentation for Tyrus;

² Verse 2. Take up a lamentation for Tyrus] This is a singular and

curious chapter. It gives a very circumstantial account of the

trade of Tyre with different parts of the world, and the different

sorts of merchandise in which she trafficked. The places and the

imports are as regularly entered here as they could have been in

a European custom-house.

³说 ：你居住 海 口 ，是众民 的商埠 ；你的交易通到许多 的海岛 。主 耶和华 如此说 ：推罗 啊，你曾说 ：我是全然 美丽的 。

³And say unto Tyrus, O thou that art situate at the entry of the sea, which art a merchant of the people for many isles, Thus saith the Lord GOD; O Tyrus, thou hast said, I am of perfect beauty.^a

³ Verse 3. The entry of the sea] Tyre was a small island, or

rather rock, in the sea, at a short distance from the main land.

We have already seen that there was another Tyre on the main land;

but they are both considered as one city.

⁴你的境界 在海 中 ，造你的 使你全然 美丽 。

⁴Thy borders are in the midst of the seas, thy builders have perfected thy beauty.^b

⁴ Verse 4. Thy builders have perfected thy beauty.] Under the

allegory of a beautiful ship, the prophet, here and in the

following verses, paints the glory of this ancient city. Horace

describes the commonwealth of Rome by the same allegory, and is as

minute in his description, Carm. lib. i. Od. xiv:-

O navis, referent in mare te novi

Fluctus? O quid agis? Fortiter occupa

Portum. Nonne video, ut

Nudum remigio latus,

Et malus celeri saucius Africo,

Antennaeque gemant? ac sine funibus

Vix durare carinae

Possint imperiosius

AEquor! non tibi sunt integra lintea;

Non Di, quos iterum pressa votes malo:

Quamvis Pontica pinus,

Sylvae filia nobilis,

Jactes et genus, et nomen inutile

Nil pictis timidus navita puppibus

Fidit. Tu, nisi, ventis

Debes ludibrium, cave.



Unhappy vessel, shall the waves again

Tumultuous bear thee to the faithless main?

What, would thy madness thus with storms to sport?

Cast firm your anchor in the friendly port.

Behold thy naked decks, the wounded mast,

And sail-yards groan beneath the southern blast.

Nor, without ropes, thy keel can longer brave

The rushing fury of the imperious wave:

Torn are thy sails; thy guardian gods are lost,

Whom you might call, in future tempests tost.

What, though majestic in your pride you stood,

A noble daughter of the Pontic wood,

You now may vainly boast an empty name,

Of birth conspicuous in the rolls of fame.

The mariner, when storms around him rise,

No longer on a painted stern relies.

Ah! yet take heed, lest these new tempests sweep,

In sportive rage, thy glories to the deep.

FRANCIS.

I give this as a striking parallel to many passages in this

chapter.

⁵他们用示尼珥 的松树 做 你的一切板 ，用 利巴嫩 的香柏树 做 桅杆 ，

⁵They have made all thy ship boards of fir trees of Senir: they have taken cedars from Lebanon to make masts for thee.^c

⁵ Verse 5. Fir trees of Senir] Senir is a mountain which the

Sidonians called Sirion, and the Hebrews Hermon, De 3:9. It was

beyond Jordan, and extended from Libanus to the mountains of

Gilead.

⁶用巴珊 的橡树 做 你的桨 ，用象牙 镶嵌基提 海岛 的黄杨木为 坐板 （或译：舱板）。

⁶Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars; the company of the Ashurites have made thy benches of ivory, brought out of the isles of Chittim.^{d, e}

⁶ Verse 6. Of the oaks of Bashan] Some translate alder, others the

pine.



The company of the Ashurites] The word asherim is by

several translated boxwood. The seats or benches being made of

this wood inlaid with ivory.



Isles of Chittim] The Italian islands; the islands of Greece;

Cyprus. Calmet says Macedonia is meant.

⁷你的篷帆 是用埃及 绣花细麻布 做的 ，可以做你的大旗；你的凉棚 是用以利沙 岛 的蓝色 、紫色 布做的。

⁷Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was that which covered thee.^f

⁷ Verse 7. Fine linen] shesh, cotton cloth. In this sense the

word is generally to be understood.



To be thy sail] Probably the flag-ensign or pennant, is meant.



Blue and purple from the isles of Elishah] Elis, a part of the

Peloponnesus.

⁸西顿 和亚发 的居民 作你荡桨的 。推罗 啊，你中间的智慧人 作掌舵的 。

⁸The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad were thy mariners: thy wise men, O Tyrus, that were in thee, were thy pilots.

⁸ Verse 8. Zidon and Arvad] Or Arad. Two powerful cities on the

Phoenician coast, in the neighbourhood of Tyre, from which Tyre

had her sailors; and the best instructed of her own inhabitants

were her pilots or steersmen.

⁹迦巴勒 的老者 和聪明人 都在你中间作补缝的 ；一切泛海 的船只 和水手 都在你中间经营 交易的事 。

⁹The ancients of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandise.^g

⁹ Verse 9. The ancients of Gebal] This was a city of Phoenicia,

near Mount Libanus, Jos 13:5. It was called

Biblos by the Greeks.



Thy calkers] Those who repaired their vessels; paying, as it is

termed, pitched hemp into the seams, to prevent the water from

oozing through.



To occupy thy merchandise.] That is, to be thy agents or

factors.

¹⁰波斯人 、路德人 、弗人 在你军营 中作战 士 ；他们在你中间悬挂 盾牌 和头盔 ，彰显 你的尊荣 。

¹⁰They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.

¹⁰ Verse 10. They of Persia] Lud, the Lydians; Phut, a people of

Africa, see Ge 10:6. From these places they had auxiliary troops;

for as they traded with the then known world, were rich, and could

afford to give good pay, they no doubt had soldiers and sailors

from every part. Skilful and desperate men will go any where after

their price.

¹¹亚发 人 和你的军队 都在你四围 的墙上 ，你的望楼 也有勇士 ；他们悬挂 盾牌 ，成全 你的美丽 。

¹¹The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and the Gammadims were in thy towers: they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have made thy beauty perfect.

¹¹ Verse 11. The Gammadims were in thy towers] Some think these

were a people of Phoenicia; others, that tutelar images are meant;

others, that the word expresses strong men, who acted as guards.

The Vulgate reads Pygmaei, the pygmies, who were fabled to be a

little people of a cubit in height, from gomed. a cubit;

and are are told that this little people were celebrated for their

wars with the cranes; but nothing of this kind can enter into this

description. Probably a people inhabiting the promontories of

Phoenicia are here intended; and their hanging their shields upon

the walls is a proof that soldiers are meant, and persons of skill

and prowess too.

¹²他施人 因你多有 各类的财物 ，就作你的客商 ，拿银 、铁 、锡 、铅 兑换 你的货物 。

¹²Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs.

¹² Verse 12. Tarshish was thy merchant] After having given an

account of the naval and military equipment of this city, he now

speaks of the various places and peoples with whom the Tyrians

traded, and the different kinds of merchandise imported from those

places.



By Tarshish some understand the Carthaginians; some think

Tartessus, near the straits of Gibraltar, is meant; others,

Tharsis in Cilicia. The place was famous for all the useful

metals, silver, iron, tin, and lead. All these they might have had

from Britain.

¹³雅完人 、土巴人 、米设人 都与你交易 ；他们用人 口 和铜 器 兑换 你的货物 。

¹³Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.^h

¹³ Verse 13. Javan, Tubal, and Meshech] The Ionians, the

Tybarenians, and the Cappadocians, or Muscovites.



They traded the persons of men] That is, they trafficked in

slaves. The bodies and souls of men were bought and sold in

those days, as in our degenerate age. With these also they traded

in brazen vessels.

¹⁴陀迦玛 族 用马 和战马 并骡子 兑换 你的货物。

¹⁴They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

¹⁴ Verse 14. Togarmah] The Sarmatians. Some think Cappadocia.

With these they dealt in horses, mules, and horsemen; or probably

draught horses and war horses are intended.

¹⁵底但 人 与你交易 ，许多 海岛 作你的码头；他们拿 象牙 、乌木 与你兑换 （或译：进贡）。

¹⁵The men of Dedan were thy merchants; many isles were the merchandise of thine hand: they brought thee for a present horns of ivory and ebony.

¹⁵ Verse 15. The men of Dedan] Dedan was one of the descendants of

Abraham by Keturah, and dwelt in Arabia, Ge 25:3.

Ivory and ebony might come from that quarter. By way of

distinction ivory is called both in Hebrew shen, and in Arabic

[Arabic] shen, the TOOTH, as that beautiful substance is the tooth

of the elephant.

¹⁶亚兰人 因你的工作 很多 ，就作你的客商 ；他们用 绿宝石 、紫色 布绣货 、细麻布 、珊瑚 、红宝石 兑换你的货物 。

¹⁶Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate.^{i, j}

¹⁶ Verse 16. Syria] These were always a mercantile people. For the

precious stones mentioned here See Clarke on Ex 28:17.

¹⁷犹大 和以色列 地 的人都与你交易 ；他们用米匿 的麦子 、饼 、蜜 、油 、乳香 兑换 你的货物。

¹⁷ Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy merchants: they traded in thy market wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm.^k

¹⁷ Verse 17. Judah, and the land of Israel-traded in thy market

wheat] The words have been understood as articles of merchandise,

not names of places. So the Jews traded with the Tyrians in wheat,

stacte, balsam, honey, oil, and resin.

¹⁸大马色人 因你的工作 很多 ，又因你多有各类 的财物 ，就拿黑本 酒 和白 羊毛 与你交易 。

¹⁸Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white wool.

¹⁸ Verse 18. Damascus wine of Helbon] Now called by the Turks

Haleb, and by us Aleppo.



White wool.] Very fine wool: wool of a fine quality. Some think

Milesian wool is meant.

¹⁹威但人 和雅完人 拿纺成的线、亮 铁 、桂皮 、菖蒲 兑换你的货物 。

¹⁹Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in thy fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market.^l

¹⁹ Verse 19. Dan also and Javan] It is probable that both these

words mean some of the Grecian islands.



Going to and fro] They both took and brought-imported and

exported: but meuzal, from uzal, may be a proper name.

What place is signified I cannot tell, unless it be Azal, a name,

according to Kamoos, of the capital of Arabia Felix.

²⁰底但人 用高贵的 毯子 、鞍 、屉与你交易 。

²⁰Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots.^m

²⁰ Verse 20. Dedan] Possibly the descendants of Dedan, son of

Raamah, see Ge 10:7.



In precious clothes for chariots.] Either fine carpets, or rich

housings for horses, camels, &c., used for riding.

²¹亚拉伯人 和基达 的一切首领 都作你的客商，用羊羔 、公绵羊 、公山羊 与你交易 。

²¹Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they thy merchants.ⁿ

²¹ Verse 21. Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar] Arabia Deserta,

on the confines of the Dead Sea. The Kedarenes inhabited the same

country. These brought lambs, rams, and goats for the consumption

of the city.

²²示巴 和拉玛 的商人 与你交易 ，他们用各类上好的 香料 、各类的宝 石 ，和黄金 兑换你的货物。

²²The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy merchants: they occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

²² Verse 22. Sheba and Raamah] Inhabitants of Arabia Felix, at the

entrance of the Persian Gulf, who were famous for their riches and

spices.

²³哈兰人 、干尼人 、伊甸人 、示巴 的商人 ，和亚述人 、基抹人 与你交易 。

²³Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad, were thy merchants.

²³ Verse 23. Haran] In Mesopotamia; well known in Scripture.



Canneh] Or Chalane; see Ge 10:10. It is supposed to be a cape

or port of Arabia Felix, on the Indian Sea.



Eden] Equally famous: supposed to have been situated near the

confluence of the Tygris and Euphrates.



Sheba] Different from that in Eze 27:22. This was probably near

the country of the Edomites.



Asshur] Perhaps the Assyrians.



Chilmad] Possibly Cholmadora, on the Euphrates. Ptol. lib. v..

cap. 15. For several of these places, and the persons from whom

they derived their names, see Ge 10:1-32, and the notes there;

and see Calmet.

²⁴这些 商人 以美好的货物包在绣花 蓝色 包袱 内，又有华丽的衣服 装在香柏木 的箱子 里，用绳 捆着 与你交易 。

²⁴These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.^{o, p}

²⁴ Verse 24. These were thy merchants in all sorts of things] The

above people traded with the Tyrians in a great variety of the

most valuable merchandise: blue or purple cloth, boxes of cedar,

covered with skins, and bound with silken cords, and sealed with

an engraved seal, finely cut, &c. See the Chaldee.

²⁵他施 的船只 接连成帮为你运 货 ，你便在海 中 丰富 极其 荣华 。

²⁵The ships of Tarshish did sing of thee in thy market: and thou wast replenished, and made very glorious in the midst of the seas.

²⁵ Verse 25. The ships of Tarshish] The ships of Tharsis, in

Cilicia, were the chief of those which traded with thee.

²⁶荡桨的 已经把你荡到 大 水 之处，东 风 在海 中 将你打破 。

²⁶ ¶ Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters: the east wind hath broken thee in the midst of the seas.^q

²⁶ Verse 26. Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters] Tyre

is still considered under the allegory of a ship; and all the

vessels of different nations trading with her are represented as

towing her into deep waters-bringing her into great affluence. But

while in this state, a stormy east wind, or a destructive wind,

meaning the Chaldeans, arises, and dashes her to pieces! See the

ode from Horace, already quoted on Eze 27:4.

²⁷你的赀财 、物件 、货物 、水手 、掌舵的 、补缝的 、经营交易的 ，并你中间的 战 士 和人民 ，在你破坏的 日子 必都沉在 海 中 。

²⁷Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all thy men of war, that are in thee, and in all thy company which is in the midst of thee, shall fall into the midst of the seas in the day of thy ruin.^{r, s}

²⁷ Verse 27. Thy riches] This vast ship, laden with all kinds of

valuable wares, and manned in the best manner, being wrecked, all

her valuables, sailors, officers, &c., went to the bottom.

²⁸你掌舵的 呼号 之声 一发，郊野 都必震动 。

²⁸The suburbs shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots.^t

²⁸ Verse 28. The cry of thy pilots.] When the ship was dashed

against the rocks by the violence of the winds and the waves, and

all hope of life was taken away, then a universal cry was set up

by all on board. I have heard this cry, and nothing more dismal

can be imagined, when the ship by a violent tempest is driving

among rocks on a lee shore. Then "All lost! cut away the boat!" is

more dreadful than the cry of fire at midnight.

²⁹凡荡 桨 的和水手 ，并一切泛海 掌舵的 ，都必下 船 登 岸 。

²⁹And all that handle the oar, the mariners, and all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships, they shall stand upon the land;

³⁰他们必为你放 声 痛 哭 ，把尘土 撒在 头上 ，在灰中 打滚 ；

³⁰And shall cause their voice to be heard against thee, and shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust upon their heads, they shall wallow themselves in the ashes:

³⁰ Verse 30. Shall cry bitterly] All that were on the land, seeing

this dreadful sight, a gallant ship perishing with all her men and

goods, are represented as setting up a dismal cry at this

heart-rending sight. But what must they have felt who were on

board? Reader, wert thou ever shipwrecked? Wert thou ever in a

hurricane on a lee rocky shore, where the helm had lost its

power, and the sails were rendered useless? Dost thou remember

that apparently last moment, when the ship drove up to the

tremendous rocks, riding on the back of a mountainous surge? Then

what was the universal cry? Hast thou ever heard any thing so

terrific? so appalling? so death and judgment-like? No. It is

impossible. These are the circumstances, this is the cry, that the

prophet describes; disorder, confusion, dismay, and ruin. And this

is a scene which the present writer has witnessed, himself a part

of the wretched, when all hope of life was taken away, the yawning

gulf opened, and nothing presented itself to support body or soul

but that GOD who gave to both their being, and ultimately rescued

him and his forlorn companions from one of the worst of deaths, by

heaving the ship from the rocks by the agency of a tremendous

receding wave. My soul hath these things still in remembrance, and

therefore is humbled within me.

³¹又为你使 头上光秃 ，用麻布 束腰 ，号咷痛 哭 ，苦苦 悲哀 。

³¹And they shall make themselves utterly bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of heart and bitter wailing.

³²他们哀号的 时候，为你作起 哀歌 哀哭 ，说：有何城如推罗 ？有何城如他在海 中 成为寂寞的 呢？

³²And in their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and lament over thee, saying, What city is like Tyrus, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea?

³² Verse 32. What city is like Tyrus] This, to the end of the

chapter, is the lamentation.

³³你由海上 运出 货物 ，就使许多 国民 充足 ；你以许多 赀财 、货物 使地上 的君王 丰富 。

³³When thy wares went forth out of the seas, thou filledst many people; thou didst enrich the kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy merchandise.

³⁴你在深 水 中被海浪 打破的 时候 ，你的货物 和你中间的 一切人民 ，就都沉下去了 。

³⁴In the time when thou shalt be broken by the seas in the depths of the waters thy merchandise and all thy company in the midst of thee shall fall.

³⁵海岛 的居民 为你惊奇 ；他们的君王 都甚恐 慌 ，面 带愁容 。

³⁵All the inhabitants of the isles shall be astonished at thee, and their kings shall be sore afraid, they shall be troubled in their countenance.

³⁶各国民 中的客商 都向你发嘶声 ；你令人惊恐 ，不再存留 于世，直到永远 。

³⁶The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee; thou shalt be a terror, and never shalt be any more.^{u, v}

³⁶ Verse 36. Shall hiss at thee] shareku, shall shriek

for thee. This powerfully expresses the sensation made on the

feelings of the spectators on the shore when they saw the vessel

swallowed up.