Lev.27.12a as…: Heb. according to thy estimation, O priest, etc Lev.27.16b an…: or, the land of an homer, etc Lev.27.26c firstling of: Heb. firstborn, etc | | ChiUns | KJV | Clarke |
|---|
| | 1And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, | 1 CHAPTER XXVII Laws concerning vows, 1, 2. Of males and females from twenty to sixty years of age, and their valuation, 3, 4. Of the same from five to twenty years, 5. Of the same from a month to five years of age, 6. Of males and females from sixty years old and upwards, and their valuation, 7. The priest shall value the poor according to his ability, 8. Concerning beasts that are vowed, and their valuation, 9-13. Concerning the sanctification of a house, 14, 15. Concerning the field that is sanctified or consecrated to the Lord, to the year of jubilee, 16-24. Every estimation shall be made in shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, 25. The firstlings of clean beasts, being already the Lord's, cannot be vowed, 26. That of an unclean beast may be redeemed, 27. Every thing devoted to God shall be unalienable and unredeemable, and continue the Lord's property till death, 28, 29. All the tithe of the land is the Lord's, 30; but it may be redeemed by adding a fifth part, 31. The tithe of the herd and the flock is also his, 32. The tenth that passes under the rod shall not be changed, 33. The conclusion of the book, 34.
NOTES ON CHAP. XXVII | 2你晓谕 以色列 人 说 :人 还特许 的愿 ,被许的人 要按你所估的价值 归给耶和华 。 | 2Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When a man shall make a singular vow, the persons shall be for the LORD by thy estimation. | 2 Verse 2. When a man shall make a singular vow] The verse is short and obscure, and may be translated thus: A man who shall have separated a vow, according to thy estimation, of souls unto the Lord; which may be paraphrased thus: He who shall have vowed or consecrated a soul, i. e., a living creature, whether man or beast, if he wish to redeem what he has thus vowed or consecrated, he shall ransom or redeem it according to the priest's estimation; for the priest shall judge of the properties, qualifications, and age of the person or beast, and the circumstances of the person who has vowed it, and shall regulate the value accordingly; and the money shall be put into his hands for the service of the sanctuary. A vow (says Mr. Ainsworth) is a religious promise made unto the Lord, and for the most part with prayer, and paid with thanksgiving, Nu 21:2,3; Ps 66:12,14. Vows were either of abstinence, such as are spoken of Nu 30:1, 2, and the vow of the Nazarite, Nu 6:1-21; or they were to give something to the Lord, as sacrifices, Le 7:16, or the value of persons, beasts, houses, or lands, concerning which the law is here given. A man might vow or devote himself, his children, ( Le 27:5, 6,) his domestics, his cattle, his goods, &c. And in this chapter rules are laid down for the redemption of all these things. But if, after consecrating these things, he refused to redeem them, then they became the Lord's property for ever. The persons continued all their lives devoted to the service of the sanctuary; the goods were sold for the profit of the temple or the priests; the animals, if clean, were offered in sacrifice; if not proper for sacrifice, were sold, and the price devoted to sacred uses. This is a general view of the different laws relative to vows, mentioned in this chapter. | 3你估定的 ,从二十 岁 到六十 岁 的男人 ,要按圣所 的平 ,估定价 银 五十 舍客勒 。 | 3And thy estimation shall be of the male from twenty years old even unto sixty years old, even thy estimation shall be fifty shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary. | 3 Verse 3. From twenty years old even unto sixty-fifty shekels] A man from twenty to sixty years of age, if consecrated to the Lord by a vow, might be redeemed for fifty shekels, which, at 3 s. each, amounted to 7 �. 10 s. sterling. | | | 4And if it be a female, then thy estimation shall be thirty shekels. | 4 Verse 4. And if it be a female] The woman, at the same age, vowed unto the Lord, might be redeemed for thirty shekels, 4 �. 10 s. sterling, a little more than one half of the value of the man; for this obvious reason, that a woman, if employed, could not be of so much use in the service of the sanctuary as the man, and was therefore of much less value. | 5若是从五 岁 到二十 岁 ,男子 你要估定 二十 舍客勒 ,女子 估定十 舍客勒 。 | 5And if it be from five years old even unto twenty years old, then thy estimation shall be of the male twenty shekels, and for the female ten shekels. | 5 Verse 5. From five years old] The boy that was vowed might be redeemed for twenty shekels, 3 �. sterling; the girl, for ten shekels, just one half, 1 �. 10 s. | 6若是从一月 到五 岁 ,男子 你要估定 五 舍客勒 ,女子 估定 三 舍客勒 。 | 6And if it be from a month old even unto five years old, then thy estimation shall be of the male five shekels of silver, and for the female thy estimation shall be three shekels of silver. | 6 Verse 6. A month old] The male child, five shekels, 15 s., the female, three shekels, 9 s. Being both in comparative infancy, they were nearly of an equal value. None were vowed under a month old: the first-born being always considered as the Lord's property, could not be vowed, see Le 27:26. | 7若是从六十 岁 以上 ,男人 你要估定 十五 舍客勒 ,女人 估定十 舍客勒 。 | 7And if it be from sixty years old and above; if it be a male, then thy estimation shall be fifteen shekels, and for the female ten shekels. | 7 Verse 7. Sixty years old] The old man and the old woman, being nearly past labour, were nearly of an equal value; hence the one was estimated at fifteen shekels, 2 �. 5 s., the other at ten shekels, 1 �. 10 s. This was about the same ratio as that of the children, Le 27:5, and for the same reason. | 8他若贫穷 ,不能照你所估定的价 ,就要把他带到 祭司 面前 ,祭司 要按 许愿 人的力量 估定 他的价。 | 8But if he be poorer than thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest shall value him; according to his ability that vowed shall the priest value him. | | 9所许的若是牲畜 ,就是人献给 耶和华 为供物 的,凡这一类献给 耶和华 的,都要成为圣 。 | 9And if it be a beast, whereof men bring an offering unto the LORD, all that any man giveth of such unto the LORD shall be holy. | | 10人不可改换 ,也不可更换 ,或是好的 换坏的 ,或是坏的 换好的 。若以牲畜 更换 牲畜 ,所许的与所换的 都要成为圣 。 | 10He shall not alter it, nor change it, a good for a bad, or a bad for a good: and if he shall at all change beast for beast, then it and the exchange thereof shall be holy. | 10 Verse 10. He shall not alter it, nor change it, a good for a bad, &c.] Whatever was consecrated to God by a vow, or purpose of heart, was considered from that moment as the Lord's property; to change which was impiety; to withhold it, sacrilege. Reader, hast thou ever dedicated thyself, or any part of thy property, to the service of thy Maker? If so, hast thou paid thy vows? Or hast thou altered thy purpose, or changed thy offering? Has he received from thy hands a bad for a good? Wast thou not vowed and consecrated to God in thy baptism? Are his vows still upon thee? Hast thou "renounced the devil and all his works, the pomps and vanities of this wicked world, and all the sinful lusts of the flesh?" Dost thou feel thyself bound "to keep God's holy will and commandments, and walk in the same all the days of thy life?" Was not this thy baptismal covenant? And hast thou renounced IT? Take heed! God is not mocked: that which thou sowest, thou shalt also reap. If thou rob God of thy heart, he will deprive thee of his heaven. | 11若牲畜 不洁净 ,是不可献给 耶和华 为供物的 ,就要把牲畜 安置 在祭司 面前 。 | 11And if it be any unclean beast, of which they do not offer a sacrifice unto the LORD, then he shall present the beast before the priest: | | 12祭司 就要估定价值 ;牲畜是 好 是 坏 ,祭司 怎样估定 ,就要以怎样为是。 | 12And the priest shall value it, whether it be good or bad: as thou valuest it, who art the priest, so shall it be. a | | 13他若一定要 赎回 ,就要在你所估定的价值 以外加上 五分之一 。 | 13But if he will at all redeem it, then he shall add a fifth part thereof unto thy estimation. | 13 Verse 13. Shall add a fifth part] This was probably intended to prevent rash vows and covetous redemptions. The priest alone was to value the thing; and to whatever his valuation was, a fifth part must be added by him who wished to redeem the consecrated thing. Thus, if the priest valued it at forty shekels, if the former owner redeemed it he was obliged to give forty-eight. | 14人 将房屋 分别 为圣 ,归给耶和华 ,祭司 就要估定 价值。房屋是好 是坏 ,祭司 怎样估定 ,就要以怎样为定 。 |
14 ¶ And when a man shall sanctify his house to be holy unto the LORD, then the priest shall estimate it, whether it be good or bad: as the priest shall estimate it, so shall it stand. | 14 Verse 14. Shall sanctify his house] The yearly rent of which, when thus consecrated, went towards the repairs of the tabernacle, which was the house of the Lord. | 15将房屋分别为圣 的人,若要赎回 房屋 ,就必在你所估定 的价值 以外加上 五分之一 ,房屋仍旧归他。 | 15And if he that sanctified it will redeem his house, then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it, and it shall be his. | | 16人 若将承受为业 的几分地 分别为圣 ,归给耶和华 ,你要按 这地撒种 多少估定价值 ,若撒大麦 一贺 梅珥 ,要估价五十 舍客勒 。 | 16And if a man shall sanctify unto the LORD some part of a field of his possession, then thy estimation shall be according to the seed thereof: an homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty shekels of silver. b | 16 Verse 16. Some part of a field] Though the preceding words are not in the text, yet it is generally allowed they should be supplied here, as it was not lawful for a man to vow his whole estate, and thus make his family beggars, in order to enrich the Lord's sanctuary: this God would not permit. The rabbins teach that the land or field, whether good or bad, was valued at forty-eight shekels, for all the years of the jubilee, provided the field was large enough to sow a homer of barley. The chomer was different from the omer: the latter held about three quarts, the former, seventy-five gallons three pints; See Clarke on Ex 16:16. Some suppose that the land was rated, not at fifty shekels for the whole of the years of the jubilee, for this would be but about 3 s. per annum; but that it was rated according to its produce, fifty shekels for every homer of barley it produced. | 17他若从禧 年 将地 分别为圣 ,就要以你所估定的价 为定 。 | 17If he sanctify his field from the year of jubile, according to thy estimation it shall stand. | | 18倘若他在禧年 以后 将地 分别为圣 ,祭司 就要按着 未到禧 年 所剩 的年数 推算 价值 ,也要从你所估的 减去 价值。 | 18But if he sanctify his field after the jubile, then the priest shall reckon unto him the money according to the years that remain, even unto the year of the jubile, and it shall be abated from thy estimation. | | 19将地 分别为圣 的人 若定要把地赎回 ,他便要在你所估 的价值 以外加上 五分之一 ,地就准定归 他。 | 19And if he that sanctified the field will in any wise redeem it, then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it, and it shall be assured to him. | | 20他若不赎回 那地 ,或是将地 卖给 别 人 ,就再不能赎了 。 | 20And if he will not redeem the field, or if he have sold the field to another man, it shall not be redeemed any more. | | 21但到了禧年 ,那地 从买主手下出来 的时候,就要归耶和华 为圣 ,和永献 的地 一样,要归祭司 为业 。 | 21But the field, when it goeth out in the jubile, shall be holy unto the LORD, as a field devoted; the possession thereof shall be the priest's. | 21 Verse 21. As a field devoted] It is cherem, a thing so devoted to God as never more to be capable of being redeemed. See Clarke on Le 27:29. | 22他若将所买 的一块地 ,不是承受为业 的,分别为圣 归给耶和华 , | 22And if a man sanctify unto the LORD a field which he hath bought, which is not of the fields of his possession; | | 23祭司 就要将你所估 的价值 给他推算 到禧 年 。当日 ,他要以你所估 的价银为圣 ,归给 耶和华 。 | 23Then the priest shall reckon unto him the worth of thy estimation, even unto the year of the jubile: and he shall give thine estimation in that day, as a holy thing unto the LORD. | | 24到了禧 年 ,那地 要归 卖主 ,就是那承受为业 的原主。 | 24In the year of the jubile the field shall return unto him of whom it was bought, even to him to whom the possession of the land did belong. | | 25凡你所估定 的价银都要按着圣所 的平 :二十 季拉 为一舍客勒 。 | 25
And all thy estimations shall be according to the shekel of the sanctuary: twenty gerahs shall be the shekel. | 25 Verse 25. Shekel of the sanctuary] A standard shekel; the standard being kept in the sanctuary to try and regulate all the weights in the land by. See Ge 20:16; 23:15. | 26惟独牲畜 中头生的 ,无论是牛 是羊 ,既归耶和华 ,谁 也不可再分别为圣 ,因为这是耶和华的 。 |
26 ¶ Only the firstling of the beasts, which should be the LORD'S firstling, no man shall sanctify it; whether it be ox, or sheep: it is the LORD'S. c | | 27若是不洁净 的牲畜生 的,就要按你所估定的价值 加上 五分之一 赎回 ;若不赎回 ,就要按你所估定 的价值卖了 。 | 27And if it be of an unclean beast, then he shall redeem it according to thine estimation, and shall add a fifth part of it thereto: or if it be not redeemed, then it shall be sold according to thy estimation. | | 28但一切永献的 ,就是人 从他所有永献给 耶和华的 ,无论是人 ,是牲畜 ,是他承受为业 的地 ,都不可卖 ,也不可赎 。凡永献的 是归给耶和华 为至 圣 。 | 28Notwithstanding no devoted thing, that a man shall devote unto the LORD of all that he hath, both of man and beast, and of the field of his possession, shall be sold or redeemed: every devoted thing is most holy unto the LORD. | 28 Verse 28. No devoted thing-shall be sold or redeemed] This is the cherem, which always meant an absolute unredeemable grant to God. | 29凡从人 中当灭的 都不可 赎 ,必 被治死 。 | 29None devoted, which shall be devoted of men, shall be redeemed; but shall surely be put to death. | 29 Verse 29. Which shall be devoted of men] Every man who is devoted shall surely be put to death; or, as some understand it, be the Lord's property, or be employed in his service, till death. The law mentioned in these two verses has been appealed to by the enemies of Divine revelation as a proof, that under the Mosaic dispensation human sacrifices were offered to God; but this can never be conceded. Had there been such a law, it certainly would have been more explicitly revealed, and not left in the compass of a few words only, where the meaning is very difficult to be ascertained; and the words themselves differently translated by most interpreters. That there were persons, devoted to destruction under the Mosaic dispensation, is sufficiently evident, for the whole Canaanitish nations were thus devoted by the Supreme Being himself, because the cup of their iniquity was full; but that they were not sacrificed to God, the whole history sufficiently declares. Houbigant understands the passage as speaking of these alone; and says, Non alios licebat anathemate voveri, quam Chananaeos, quos jusserat Deus ad internecionem deleri. "It was not lawful to devote any persons to death but the Canaanites, whom God had commanded to be entirely extirpated." This is perfectly correct; but he might have added that it was because they were the most impure idolaters, and because the cup of their iniquity was full. These God commanded to be put to death; and who can doubt his right to do so, who is the Maker of man, and the Fountain of justice? But what has this to do with human sacrifices? Just nothing. No more than the execution of an ordinary criminal, or a traitor, in the common course of justice, has to do with a sacrifice to God. In the destruction of such idolaters, no religious formality whatever was observed; nor any thing that could give the transaction even the most distant semblance of a sacrifice. In this way Jericho was commanded to be destroyed, Jos 6:17, and the Amalekites, De 25:19; 1Sa 15:3: but in all these cases the people commanded to be destroyed were such sinners as God's justice did not think proper to spare longer. And has not every system of law the same power? And do we not concede such power to the civil magistrate, for the welfare of the state? God, who is the sovereign arbiter of life and death, acts here in his juridical and legislative capacity; but these are victims to justice, not religious sacrifices. It may be necessary just farther to note that two kinds of vows are mentioned in this chapter:- 1. The neder, ( See Clarke on Le 27:2,) which comprehends all those things which, when once devoted, might be redeemed at a certain price, according to the valuation of the priest. 2. The cherem, those things vowed to God of which there remained no power of redemption; they were most holy, i. e., so absolutely devoted to God that they could neither be changed, alienated, nor redeemed: probably because no mental reservation had been made, as in the above case may be supposed. On this ground the word was afterward applied to the most solemn and awful kind of excommunication, meaning a person so entirely devoted to the stroke of vindictive justice, as never to be capable of receiving pardon; and hence the word may be well applied in this sense to the Canaanites, the cup of whose iniquity was full, and who were consigned, without reprieve, to final extermination. | 30地上 所有的,无论是地上 的种子 是树上 的果子 ,十分之一 是耶和华的 ,是归给耶和华 为圣的 。 | 30And all the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land, or of the fruit of the tree, is the LORD'S: it is holy unto the LORD. | 30 Verse 30. All the tithe of the land] This God claims as his own; and it is spoken of here as being a point perfectly settled, and concerning which there was neither doubt nor difficulty. See my view of this subject "Ge 28:22", to which I do not see the necessity of adding any thing. | 31人 若要 赎 这十分之一 的甚么物,就要加上 五分之一 。 | 31And if a man will at all redeem ought of his tithes, he shall add thereto the fifth part thereof. | | 32凡牛群 羊群 中,一切从杖 下经过的 ,每第十只 要归给耶和华 为圣 。 | 32And concerning the tithe of the herd, or of the flock, even of whatsoever passeth under the rod, the tenth shall be holy unto the LORD. | 32 Verse 32. Whatsoever passeth under the rod] The signification of this verse is well given by the rabbins: "When a man was to give the tithe of his sheep or calves to God, he was to shut up the whole flock in one fold, in which there was one narrow door capable of letting out one at a time. The owner, about to give the tenth to the Lord, stood by the door with a rod in his hand, the end of which was dipped in vermilion or red ochre. The mothers of those lambs or calves stood without: the door being opened, the young ones ran out to join themselves to their dams; and as they passed out the owner stood with his rod over them, and counted one, two, three, four, five, &c., and when the tenth came, he touched it with the coloured rod, by which it was distinguished to be the tithe calf, sheep, &c., and whether poor or lean, perfect or blemished, that was received as the legitimate tithe." It seems to be in reference to this custom that the Prophet Ezekiel, speaking to Israel, says: I will cause you to pass under the rod, and will bring you into the bond of the covenant-you shall be once more claimed as the Lord's property, and be in all things devoted to his service, being marked or ascertained, by especial providences and manifestations of his kindness, to be his peculiar people. | 33不可问 是好 是坏 ,也不可更换 ;若定要 更换 ,所更换的 与本来的牲畜都要成为圣 ,不可赎回 。 | 33He shall not search whether it be good or bad, neither shall he change it: and if he change it at all, then both it and the change thereof shall be holy; it shall not be redeemed. | | 34这就是耶和华 在西乃 山 为以色列 人 所吩咐 摩西 的命令 。 | 34These are the commandments, which the LORD commanded Moses for the children of Israel in mount Sinai. | 34 Verse 34. These are the commandments] This conclusion is very similar to that at the end of the preceding chapter. I have already supposed that this chapter should have followed the 25th, and that the 26th originally terminated the book. Mr. Ainsworth, the whole of whose writings are animated with the spirit of piety, concludes this book with the following excellent remarks:- "The tithes in Israel being thus sanctified by the commandment of God to his honour, the maintenance of his ministers, and the relief of the poor, it taught them and teaches us to honour the Lord with our substance, ( Pr 3:9,) acknowledging him to be the author of all our increase and store; ( De 8:13-18; Ho 2:8;) to honour his MINISTERS, and to communicate unto them in all good things, ( 1Ti 5:17,18; Ga 6:6,) that they who sow unto us spiritual things should reap our carnal things, ( 1Co 9:11,) and to give ALMS of such things as we have, that all things may be clear unto us, ( Lu 11:41,) yea, even to sell that we have, and give alms; to provide ourselves bags that wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not. Lu 12:33." They who forget their Maker, his ministers, and the poor, are never likely to hear that blessed word in the great day: "Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you; for I was hungry, and ye gave me meat; thirsty, and ye gave me drink; naked, and ye clothed me; sick and in prison, and ye came unto me." READER, thou hast now gone through the whole of this most interesting book; a book whose subject is too little regarded by Christians in general. Here thou mayest discover the rigid requisitions of Divine justice, the sinfulness of sin, the exceeding breadth of the commandment, and the end of all human perfection. And now what thinkest thou of that word, "Whatsoever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law?" Ro 3:19. But who are under the law-the condemning power of the pure, rigid, moral law of God? Not the Jews only, but every soul of man: all to whom it is sent, and who acknowledge it as a Divine revelation, and have not been redeemed from the guilt of sin by the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ; for "cursed is every one that continueth not in all things that are written in the book of the law to do them." By this law then is the knowledge, but not the cure, of sin. Here then what God saith unto thee: "If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what farther need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron? For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law; Heb 7:11,12. Now of the things which we have spoken, this is the sum: We have such a high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens; a minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man; Heb 8:1,2. For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins; Heb 10:4. But Christ being come a high priest of good things to come,-neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood, he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us. And for this cause he is the Mediator of the New Testament, that, by means of death, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. And without shedding of blood is no remission. So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many, and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time, without sin, unto salvation;" Heb 9:11, 12, 15, 22, 28. We see then that Christ was the END of the law for righteousness (for justification) to every one that believeth. "Unto him, therefore, who hath loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, and hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen." Re 1:5,6. SECTIONS in the Book of Leviticus, carried on from Exodus, which ends with the TWENTY-THIRD. The TWENTY-FOURTH, called valyikra, begins Le 1:6, and ends Le 6:7. The TWENTY-FIFTH, called tsav, begins Le 6:8, and ends Le 8:36. The TWENTY-SIXTH, called shemini, begins Le 9:1, and ends Le 11:47. The TWENTY-SEVENTH, called tazria, begins Le 12:1, and ends Le 13:59. The TWENTY-EIGHTH, called metsora, begins Le 14:1, and ends Le 15:33. The TWENTY-NINTH, called acharey moth, begins Le 16:1, and ends Le 18:30. The THIRTIETH, called kedoshim, begins Le 19:1, and ends Le 20:27. The THIRTY-FIRST, called emor, begins Le 21:1, and ends Le 24:23. The THIRTY-SECOND, called behar Sinai, begins Le 25:1, and ends Le 26:2. The THIRTY-THIRD, called bechukkothai, begins Le 26:3, and ends Le 27:34. These sections, as was observed on Exodus, have their technical names from some remarkable word, either in the first or second verse of their commencement. MASORETIC Notes on LEVITICUS The number of verses in vaiyikra, i. e., Leviticus, is 859. The symbol of which is ''. pe final stands for 800, nun for 50, and teth for 9. The middle verse is Le 15:11: And he that toucheth the flesh, &c. Its pareshioth, or larger sections, are 10, the memorial symbol of which is taken from Ge 30:11: ba gad, a troop cometh: in which beth stands for 2, aleph for 1, gimel for 3, and daleth for 4. Its sedarim, or Masoretic sections, are 23. The symbol of which is taken from Ps 1:2, yehgeh: In thy law shall he MEDITATE day and night. Its perakim, or modern chapters, are 27. The memorial sign which is veeyeheh, Ge 26:3: AND I WILL BE with thee, and will bless thee. The number of its open divisions is 52; of its close divisions, 46: total 98. The memorial sign of which is tsach, Cant. So 5:10; My beloved is WHITE and ruddy. In this word tsaddi stands for 90, and cheth for 8. VERSES 859. WORDS 11,902. LETTERS computed to be 44,989. See the concluding note on GENESIS. Finished the correction of Exodus and Leviticus, April 2, 1827.-A. CLARKE. |
|